![]() Let’s use the same example above regarding earlobes (detached lobes and attached lobes). The sum of these three genotypes must equal 1 (100%).Īgain, if one genotype frequency is known, it is possible to use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to work out the others. Where ‘ p 2‘ represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype ( AA), ‘ 2pq‘ the frequency of the heterozygous genotype ( Aa) and ‘ q 2‘ the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype ( aa). The Hardy-Weinberg equation used to determine genotype frequencies is: p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1. So, 27% of the population will have the allele for attached earlobes. Calculating this would mean: q = 0.27 (27%). Next, rearrange the formula to determine the value of q (the recessive allele frequency). the allele ‘ A‘ ( p in the equation) frequency is 73% (which is the same as 0.73).Ģ. ![]() To figure this out we first need to fill in what we know into the Hardy-Weinberg equation, i.e. Determine the allele frequency of the recessive allele ‘a’ (attached lobes) given the frequency of the dominant allele ‘A’ (attached lobes) is 73%.ġ. In a population, there are two alleles for ear shape: having detached lobes (dominant, A) or having attached lobes (recessive, a). Therefore, if the frequency of one allele is known, it is possible to calculate the frequency of the other allele simply by rearranging the equation. In a population, the combined frequency of both the alleles must equal 1 (100%). These are represented as ‘ p‘ and ‘ q‘ is the equation below. These alleles are denoted as the dominant ( A) and recessive ( a) forms. Each gene usually has two alleles (diploid organism), one from each parent. The first Hardy-Weinberg equation ( p + q = 1) concerns estimating the frequency of alleles in a population. If any of these assumptions are not satisfied, then the principle cannot be applied. Large population size: The population is considered large enough, at best infinite, so that major changes in allele frequencies do not cause a genetic drift. ![]()
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